Madeira
Madeira is a volcanic island in the Atlantic, west of Morocco. Its fortified wine is heated and oxidised during ageing, which makes it extraordinarily long-lived. Styles are named after grapes: Sercial (driest), Verdelho, Boal and Malvasia (sweetest), with Tinta Negra the most planted grape.
Pico
Pico island in the Azores has vineyards in small enclosures (currais) walled with black basalt, which protect the vines from wind and sea spray. The landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Verdelho was once exported to Russian courts, and the whites today are mineral and salty.
Climate
The maritime climate is mild and humid in both, so growers have to deal with disease, and the soils are volcanic.